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Climate change adaptation laws and policies: a review of trends, gaps and opportunities in 35 countries

Climate change impacts are intensifying, yet adaptation efforts are not keeping pace with the scale and urgency of emerging risks. Closing this gap requires strong domestic legal and policy frameworks to translate international adaptation commitments made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement into action and to provide an enabling environment for implementation. This report expands the knowledge base on adaptation-relevant laws and policies by identifying and analysing 902 of these laws and policies over time across 35 countries representing diverse regions, socioeconomic contexts and levels of exposure to climate risks. The analysis complements assessments by supranational institutions, including the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the UNFCCC.
Author:

Chan, Tiffanie; Mehryar, Sara; Podestà , Martina; Beswick, Anna

Language: English
Published By: Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science
Published date: February 2026

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